中文摘要：翻译是一门语言艺术,人们的交流和表达离不开语言。语言翻译的过程不仅是语言信息的相互转换，而且是思维方式和概念的相互作用和深化。分析英语和汉语之间的差异，并采取相应的翻译方法，如直译、意译、加译、直译注释等，以达到准确的翻译。

每一种语言都是在其特定的文化背景下产生和发展的，因此词汇的意义与该语言的历史、地理、宗教等密切相关。在英汉翻译过程中，对原文的理解是翻译准确性的必要条件，在翻译活动中起着重要作用。 英汉句型结构和表达习惯的差异，说明了东西方民族间的思维方式以及文化心理结构差异。因此，在翻译过程中，我们必须根据译入语民族思维方式的特点来调整语句结构。

 

关键字：文化差异  翻译方法  意义

 

Contents

Abstract

中文摘要

Chapter 1 Introduction-5

Chapter 2 Word meaning-7

2.1 The Nature of Word Sense-7

2.2 Classification of word meaning-7

Chapter 3 Cultural differences between China and the West-9

3.1 Differences in geographical environment and climate-9

3.2 Ideological difference-9

3.2.1 World view-10

3.2.2 Values-10

3.2.3 Outlook on life-10

3.3 Cultural Differences in Education-11

3.4 Differences in Religious Beliefs-11

Chapter 4 The emergence of the difference between English and Chinese word meaning-13

4.1 The Impact of Cultural Differences between China and the West on English-Chinese Translation-13

4.1.1 The influence of the lack of vocabulary caused by the cultural differences between China and the West on translation-13

4.2 Differences in Understanding of Things-14

4.3 The influence of national cultural background on English translation-15

Chapter 5 Literal Translation vs. Free Translation-16

5.1 Literal translation-16

5.1.1 Examples of Literal Translation-16

5.1.2 Literal translation≠Free translation-16

5.2 Free Translation-17

5.3The difference between literal and free translation-17

Chapter 6 Common methods of translation between English and Chinese-20

6.1 The Amplification Method in Translation-20

6.1.1 A need for meaning or rhetoric-20

6.1.2 Increase words according to syntactic need-21

6.2 The Omission Method in Translation-22

6.2.1 Examples of the Omission-22

6.3Conversion between Affirmative and Negative-23

Chapter 7 Domestication and Foreignization-24

7.1 The definition of domestication and foreignization-24

7.2 Interpretation of domestication and foreignization-25

7.3 The complementarity of domestication and foreignization-25

7.4 The functions of domestication and foreignization-26

7.5 The difference and connection between "domestication", "foreignization", "literal translation" and "free translation"-27

7.6 Foreignization and naturalization of our country-28

Chapter 8 The function and value of translation-31

Conclusion-33

Bibliography-34

Acknowledgements-35